Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune microenvironment in gestational diabetes mellitus: insights from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1771616

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-cell resolution reveals the expression of hub mitochondrial-related genes (Mito-RGs) and the immune landscape in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). (A) Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plot presenting distinct cell clusters identified from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA- seq ) data. (B) UMAP plot displaying the distribution of cells across different individual samples, including GDM and control groups. (C) UMAP plot comparing cell distributions between GDM and control groups. (D) Bubble plot highlighting the top five marker genes for each cell cluster, aiding in the identification of major cell types. (E) UMAP plot with annotated cell types, including tissue stem cells, epithelial cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, endothelial cells, myelocytes, and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs). (F) Bar plot illustrating the proportions of different identified cell types in each sample. (G) Bar plot comparing the proportions of major cell types between the GDM and control groups. (H) Feature plots depicting the expression patterns of hub Mito-RG (DHRS2, STX17, and TIMM44) in specific cell clusters. (I) Feature plot showing the distribution of Mito-RGs scores across various cell subpopulations, reflecting their enrichment in particular immune and stromal cell types.

Article Snippet: Overnight incubation of tissue sections at 4 °C was performed with primary antibodies: DHRS2 (Proteintech, 15735-1-AP), STX17 (Affinity Biosciences, DF12483), and TIMM44 (Affinity Biosciences, DF12332).

Techniques: Single Cell, Expressing, RNA Sequencing, Control, Marker

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Mitochondrial dysfunction and immune microenvironment in gestational diabetes mellitus: insights from bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1771616

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell-cell communication analysis and experimental validation of hub mitochondrial-related genes (Mito-RGs) expression. (A) Heatmap of gene set variation analysis (GSVA) enrichment across different cell subtypes. (B) Cell-cell communication network diagram illustrating interactions among various cell subtypes. (C-E) Ligand-receptor pair analysis of key signaling pathways: (C) TGFB1-TGFBR1/TGFBR2, (D) FN1-ITGA5/ITGB1, and (E) LAMA5-CD44. (F) Comparison of body weight changes between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and control mice. (G) Comparison of blood glucose levels between GDM and control mice at different time points during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). (H-J) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and scoring of DHRS2 (H) , STX17 (I) , and TIMM44 (J) in placental tissues from GDM and control mice.

Article Snippet: Overnight incubation of tissue sections at 4 °C was performed with primary antibodies: DHRS2 (Proteintech, 15735-1-AP), STX17 (Affinity Biosciences, DF12483), and TIMM44 (Affinity Biosciences, DF12332).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Protein-Protein interactions, Comparison, Control, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A new 12-gene diagnostic biomarker signature of melanoma revealed by integrated microarray analysis

doi: 10.7717/peerj.49

Figure Lengend Snippet: The 200 genes with largest s r values that were selected as the proposed gene signature of melanoma.

Article Snippet: These included: COL11A1 (Abcam, ab64883), CXCL13 (R & D Systems, AF801), PTPRF (NeuroMab, 75-193), SHC4 (Proteintech, 12641-1-AP), which were incubated overnight at 4 °C followed by secondary antibody (1:300) for 1 h (donkey anti-goat (Invitrogen, A11055), donkey anti-mouse (Invitrogen, A21202), donkey anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, A21206), Alexa green).

Techniques:

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A new 12-gene diagnostic biomarker signature of melanoma revealed by integrated microarray analysis

doi: 10.7717/peerj.49

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pathways where the 12 genes closely interact with melanoma driver genes (BRAF, NRAS, cKIT and MITF).

Article Snippet: These included: COL11A1 (Abcam, ab64883), CXCL13 (R & D Systems, AF801), PTPRF (NeuroMab, 75-193), SHC4 (Proteintech, 12641-1-AP), which were incubated overnight at 4 °C followed by secondary antibody (1:300) for 1 h (donkey anti-goat (Invitrogen, A11055), donkey anti-mouse (Invitrogen, A21202), donkey anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, A21206), Alexa green).

Techniques: Infection

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A new 12-gene diagnostic biomarker signature of melanoma revealed by integrated microarray analysis

doi: 10.7717/peerj.49

Figure Lengend Snippet: A new signaling network for melanoma. The signaling network is based on the complex interactions of the 12 signature genes (labeled in red) and the 4 melanoma driver genes ( BRAF, cKit, NRAS, MITF ) in 3 signaling pathways (MAPK, Ca 2+ and WNT). Nine of these 12 genes (i.e., EGFR, FGFR2, FGFR3, IL8, PTPRF, CXCL13, TNC, COL11A1, and SHC4 ) closely interact with three driver genes ( NRAS, BRAF, and MITF ) in the MAPK signaling pathway: the remaining 3 genes include WNT4, PPP2R2C and CHP2 , which also play important roles in WNT and Ca 2+ signaling pathways.

Article Snippet: These included: COL11A1 (Abcam, ab64883), CXCL13 (R & D Systems, AF801), PTPRF (NeuroMab, 75-193), SHC4 (Proteintech, 12641-1-AP), which were incubated overnight at 4 °C followed by secondary antibody (1:300) for 1 h (donkey anti-goat (Invitrogen, A11055), donkey anti-mouse (Invitrogen, A21202), donkey anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, A21206), Alexa green).

Techniques: Labeling, Protein-Protein interactions

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A new 12-gene diagnostic biomarker signature of melanoma revealed by integrated microarray analysis

doi: 10.7717/peerj.49

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunocytochemical analysis of human melanocytes and melanoma cells in vitro . COL11A1, CXCL13, PTPRF and SHC4 proteins were upregulated (green fluorescence) in melanoma cells. Inserts show higher power views of expression, including when associated with the perinuclear region of the cell.

Article Snippet: These included: COL11A1 (Abcam, ab64883), CXCL13 (R & D Systems, AF801), PTPRF (NeuroMab, 75-193), SHC4 (Proteintech, 12641-1-AP), which were incubated overnight at 4 °C followed by secondary antibody (1:300) for 1 h (donkey anti-goat (Invitrogen, A11055), donkey anti-mouse (Invitrogen, A21202), donkey anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, A21206), Alexa green).

Techniques: In Vitro, Fluorescence, Expressing

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A new 12-gene diagnostic biomarker signature of melanoma revealed by integrated microarray analysis

doi: 10.7717/peerj.49

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical analaysis of COL11A1, CXCL13, PTPRF and SHC4 in normal human skin epidermis. Melanocytes were detected with an antibody (NKi/beteb) raised against the melanocyte-specific marker gp100 (red, arrows). COL11A1, CXCL13, PTPRF (shown in green) were not detected in normal epidermal melanocytes. SHC4 was expressed strongly in proliferating keratinocytes in the basal layer on the epidermis, and to some extent also in melanocytes (i.e. double positive cells in orange-yellow).

Article Snippet: These included: COL11A1 (Abcam, ab64883), CXCL13 (R & D Systems, AF801), PTPRF (NeuroMab, 75-193), SHC4 (Proteintech, 12641-1-AP), which were incubated overnight at 4 °C followed by secondary antibody (1:300) for 1 h (donkey anti-goat (Invitrogen, A11055), donkey anti-mouse (Invitrogen, A21202), donkey anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, A21206), Alexa green).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Marker

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A new 12-gene diagnostic biomarker signature of melanoma revealed by integrated microarray analysis

doi: 10.7717/peerj.49

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical analaysis of COL11A1, CXCL13, PTPRF and SHC4 in primary and metastatic melanoma. Double staining of test protein (shown in green) and pigment cell lineage-specific marker gp100 (in red, arrows). Both immunoreactivites were merged with yellow/orange fluorescence indicating co-localization of these proteins in melanoma cells.

Article Snippet: These included: COL11A1 (Abcam, ab64883), CXCL13 (R & D Systems, AF801), PTPRF (NeuroMab, 75-193), SHC4 (Proteintech, 12641-1-AP), which were incubated overnight at 4 °C followed by secondary antibody (1:300) for 1 h (donkey anti-goat (Invitrogen, A11055), donkey anti-mouse (Invitrogen, A21202), donkey anti-rabbit (Invitrogen, A21206), Alexa green).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Double Staining, Marker, Fluorescence